Organic Fertilizers: How to Make Compost Tea, Tips for Use, and Application in Gardens

Discover the benefits and challenges of using organic fertilizers, learn how to make compost tea, and get expert tips on applying organic fertilizers in your garden to boost plant health naturally.

Introduction:

Organic fertilizers have gained popularity among gardeners and farmers as an eco-friendly way to improve soil health and promote plant growth. Whether you’re a seasoned gardener or a beginner, understanding the right procedures and techniques for making and using organic fertilizers can significantly impact your garden’s productivity. In this guide, we’ll explore the steps to create compost tea, share essential tips on using organic fertilizers, and discuss both the advantages and disadvantages of incorporating these fertilizers into your garden care routine.

KEY TAKEAWAYS ON APPLICATION OF ORGANIC FERTILISERS

•          Start with a soil test to determine your garden’s nutrient needs.

•          Choose the right fertilizer based on the soil test results.

•          Carefully read and follow the fertilizer label instructions.

•          Calculate the correct application rates to avoid over-fertilization.

•          Time your fertilizer applications to match each plant’s growth stage.

•          Apply fertilizers evenly, preventing direct contact with plant parts.

•          For granular fertilizers, incorporate them into the soil’s top few inches.

•          Water the garden after fertilizer application to disperse nutrients.

•          Use mulch to conserve moisture and reduce nutrient loss.

•          Maintain a fertilization schedule tailored to your plant’s needs.

•          Keep records of your fertilizer applications for future reference.

•          Practice safety precautions when handling fertilizers.

•          Responsible fertilizer application enhances plant health, yield, and environmental protection.

Organic fertilizers are derived from natural sources and can improve soil health while providing essential nutrients to plants. Common organic fertilizers include compost, manure, bone meal, and fish emulsion. Here’s a brief overview of organic fertilizers:

•             Compost: Compost is made from decomposed organic matter, such as kitchen scraps, yard waste, and leaves. It is rich in organic matter and supplies a variety of nutrients to plants. To use compost, simply spread it on the soil’s surface or mix it into the top few inches of soil.

•             Manure: Animal manure, like cow or chicken manure, is a valuable organic fertilizer. It provides nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as organic matter. Ensure that fresh manure is aged or composted before applying it to avoid burning plants.

•             Bone Meal: Bone meal is made from ground animal bones and is an excellent source of phosphorus and calcium. It is often used for flowering and fruiting plants. Sprinkle bone meal in planting holes or mix it into the soil.

•             Fish Emulsion: Fish emulsion is a liquid organic fertilizer made from fish waste. It is a quick-release fertilizer rich in nitrogen and other nutrients. Dilute it with water and use it as a foliar spray or for root drenching.

Procedure for Making Biological Tea (Compost Tea)

Biological tea, often referred to as compost tea, is an innovative way to supply beneficial microorganisms to plants and improve soil health. Here’s a simplified procedure for making compost tea:

Ingredients

You’ll need well-aged compost, water, a container, and an aeration source.

PROCEDURE

1.            Container: Use a large container (e.g., a 5-gallon bucket). Fill it about one-third full with compost.

2.            Water: Add non-chlorinated water (rainwater or dechlorinated tap water) to the container, covering the compost.

3.            Aeration: Place an aquarium air pump with an air stone into the container. This provides oxygen to the tea and encourages the growth of beneficial microorganisms.

4.            Steeping: Let the mixture steep for 24-48 hours. Stir it occasionally to ensure even aeration.

5.            Straining: After brewing, strain the liquid to remove any solid particles. The remaining liquid is your compost tea.

6.            Application: Apply the compost tea to your garden soil or plants as a soil drench or foliar spray. It introduces beneficial microorganisms to the soil, improving nutrient cycling and plant health.

Tips on using organic fertilizers

•             Use compost tea within a few hours of brewing to ensure its microbial activity remains high.

•             Do not store compost tea for extended periods, as the microbial populations will decline over time.

•             Adjust the brewing time and compost-to-water ratio based on your specific needs and the strength of microbial activity desired.

•             Compost tea can help improve soil structure, enhance nutrient availability, and promote plant health and disease resistance.

advantages of using organic fertilizers

Organic fertilizers, which are derived from natural sources, offer several advantages when used in agriculture and gardening:

1.            Improved Soil Health: Organic fertilizers contain organic matter that enriches the soil, enhances its structure, and increases its water-holding capacity. This promotes healthy soil ecosystems and encourages beneficial microorganisms.

2.            Slow-Release Nutrients: Organic fertilizers release nutrients gradually as they decompose. This slow-release nature provides a steady and consistent supply of nutrients to plants, reducing the risk of nutrient imbalances or over-fertilization.

3.            Reduced Environmental Impact: Organic fertilizers are less likely to leach into water bodies or cause pollution compared to inorganic fertilizers, making them a more environmentally friendly option.

4.            Enhanced Nutrient Retention: Organic matter in these fertilizers helps soils retain nutrients, making them more available to plants and less susceptible to leaching.

5.            Minimized Soil Erosion: The improved soil structure resulting from organic matter in these fertilizers reduces the risk of soil erosion, particularly in gardens and agricultural fields.

6.            Sustainable Nutrient Management: Organic fertilizers promote sustainable agriculture by recycling organic waste materials, reducing reliance on synthetic chemicals, and conserving resources.

7.            Nutrient Diversity: Organic fertilizers often contain a broader range of nutrients, including micronutrients and beneficial trace elements, which contribute to plant health and overall soil fertility.

8.            Increased Microbial Activity: Organic fertilizers encourage beneficial microbial activity in the soil, which aids in nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, and overall soil health.

9.            Reduced Risk of Over-Fertilization: The slow-release nature of organic fertilizers reduces the risk of over-fertilization and nutrient imbalances, promoting healthier plant growth.

10.         Lower Energy Requirements: Organic fertilizer production typically requires less energy compared to the energy-intensive processes used in synthetic fertilizer manufacturing.

11.         Safer for Wildlife: Organic fertilizers are less likely to harm wildlife, as they lack the chemical residues found in some synthetic fertilizers.

12.         Improved Plant Resilience: Organic fertilizers enhance plant disease resistance and stress tolerance, leading to healthier and more resilient crops or garden plants.

13.         Enhanced Flavor and Nutrient Content: Organic farming practices that utilize organic fertilizers have been associated with improved flavor and nutrient content in crops and produce.

14.         Reduced Carbon Footprint: Organic farming and the use of organic fertilizers can contribute to reduced greenhouse gas emissions, supporting more sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practices.

15.         Safe for Human Health: Organic fertilizers are typically safer for human health, as they do not contain synthetic chemicals or harmful residues.

While organic fertilizers offer numerous advantages, it’s important to note that their nutrient content may vary, and they often release nutrients more slowly than inorganic fertilizers. Proper nutrient management, soil testing, and a combination of both organic and inorganic fertilizers can be employed to maximize plant growth and soil health while minimizing potential drawbacks.

disadvantage of using organic fertilizers

Organic fertilizers, despite their many advantages, also have some disadvantages and limitations when used in agriculture and gardening:

1.            Nutrient Variability: The nutrient content in organic fertilizers can vary widely depending on the source and production process. This variability may make it challenging to provide precise nutrient levels to plants.

2.            Slow Nutrient Release: Organic fertilizers release nutrients gradually as they decompose, which may not meet the immediate nutrient demands of certain fast-growing crops or during critical growth stages.

3.            Bulk and Storage: Organic fertilizers are often bulkier and less concentrated than inorganic fertilizers. This can require more storage space and may be less convenient for transport and application.

4.            Higher Cost: Organic fertilizers can be more expensive per unit of nutrient compared to inorganic fertilizers, mainly due to their lower nutrient concentration and the cost of sourcing and processing organic materials.

5.            Application Timing: Properly timing the application of organic fertilizers to meet plant nutrient requirements can be more challenging due to the slow-release nature of these fertilizers.

6.            Odor and Aesthetics: Some organic fertilizers, such as manure or fish emulsion, can have strong odors that may be unpleasant to work with or affect nearby residents. The appearance of organic materials may also be less visually appealing.

7.            Potential Pathogens and Weeds: If not properly composted or aged, organic materials used as fertilizers may contain pathogens or weed seeds, which can be introduced to the soil.

8.            Nutrient Imbalance: Organic fertilizers may not always provide the ideal balance of nutrients required for specific crops. Supplemental nutrients or soil amendments may be needed to correct nutrient imbalances.

9.            Microbial Activity: Organic fertilizers encourage microbial activity, which can sometimes lead to nutrient immobilization, where soil microorganisms temporarily tie up nutrients, making them less available to plants.

10.         Lower Nutrient Content: In general, organic fertilizers contain lower nutrient concentrations compared to inorganic fertilizers, requiring larger quantities for the same nutrient application.

11.         Leaching and Runoff: In some cases, nutrients from organic fertilizers can be leached or washed away by heavy rainfall, contributing to nutrient runoff and potential water pollution.

12.         Transportation and Distribution: Organic materials used in organic fertilizers may have limited availability and distribution, particularly in regions without a readily accessible supply of organic materials.

13.         Decomposition Rates: The decomposition rate of organic materials used in fertilizers can vary, and some may take years to fully release their nutrients.

14.         Certification and Standards: Organic fertilizers must meet specific certification and quality standards in organic farming, which can lead to higher production and testing costs.

WHAT YOU MUST KNOW

Despite these disadvantages, organic fertilizers are valuable tools for promoting sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practices. Proper nutrient management, soil testing, and using organic and inorganic fertilizers in combination can help maximize their benefits while mitigating potential drawbacks.

How to apply fertilizers in gardens

Applying fertilizers in gardens requires careful planning and proper techniques to ensure effective nutrient delivery to plants. The following are steps to follow when applying fertilizers in gardens:

1. Soil Testing:

•          Before applying any fertilizer, conduct a soil test to determine the nutrient levels and pH of your garden soil. This will help you make informed decisions about which fertilizers to use and in what quantities.

2. Choose the Right Fertilizer:

•          Select a fertilizer that matches the specific nutrient requirements of your plants as indicated by the soil test results. Fertilizers are available in various forms, including granular, liquid, and organic options.

3. Follow Fertilizer Labels:

•          Read the fertilizer label carefully to understand the nutrient content and recommended application rates. The label provides important information about the fertilizer’s composition and proper usage.

4. Timing:

•          Apply fertilizers at the right time for your plants. Different plants have varying nutrient needs at different growth stages. Common timings include spring for general fertilization, fall for root development, and before flowering for flowering plants.

5. Calculate Application Rates:

•          Calculate the correct amount of fertilizer to apply based on the nutrient requirements of your plants and the area to be fertilized. Avoid over-fertilization, as it can harm plants and the environment.

6. Uniform Application:

•          Spread the fertilizer evenly across the garden area to ensure uniform nutrient distribution. Use a spreader for granular fertilizers to achieve even coverage.

7. Avoid Fertilizer Contact with Plant Tissues:

•          Be cautious when applying fertilizer to prevent it from coming into direct contact with plant stems, leaves, or fruits, as this can cause burns or damage. Keep the fertilizer at a safe distance from plant parts.

8. Incorporate Fertilizer into the Soil:

•          For granular fertilizers, lightly incorporate the fertilizer into the top few inches of the soil using a rake or hoe. This helps prevent nutrient loss due to runoff.

9. Water After Application:

•          Water the garden after applying fertilizer to help dissolve and disperse the nutrients into the root zone. Watering is particularly important for water-soluble fertilizers.

10. Mulch the Garden:

•          Applying mulch to the garden surface helps conserve moisture, regulate soil temperature, and reduce nutrient loss. It can also minimize weed growth, which can compete with plants for nutrients.

11. Maintain a Fertilization Schedule:

•          Create a fertilization schedule based on plant needs and follow it throughout the growing season. Avoid applying fertilizers when plants are dormant or during hot, dry periods.

12. Keep Records:

•          Maintain records of your fertilizer applications, including types, quantities, and dates. This information can be valuable for future gardening seasons and to track plant responses to specific fertilizers.

13. Safety Precautions:

•          When handling fertilizers, wear appropriate protective gear, such as gloves and safety goggles. Store fertilizers in a cool, dry place away from children and pets.

Properly applying fertilizers in your garden can significantly improve plant health, growth, and yield while minimizing the risk of nutrient imbalances and environmental harm. Following recommended guidelines and soil testing are essential for effective fertilization.

MORE ON How to Apply Fertilizers in Gardens:

•             Soil Test: Conduct a soil test to determine the current nutrient levels and pH of your soil.

•             Choose the Right Fertilizer: Select the appropriate fertilizer based on the nutrient needs identified in the soil test.

•             Application Rates: Follow the recommended application rates on the fertilizer label. Over-application can harm plants and the environment.

•             Application Methods: Fertilizers can be applied by broadcasting over the soil, banding near plant roots, or as a foliar spray. Follow label instructions for proper methods.

•             Timing: Apply fertilizers at the right time for your plants. For example, apply slow-release fertilizers at the beginning of the growing season and water-soluble fertilizers as needed.

•             Watering: Water the area after applying the fertilizer to help nutrients move into the root zone. Water-soluble fertilizers require immediate watering.

•             Safety: Store fertilizers in a cool, dry place and follow safety guidelines for handling and storage.

Balanced and responsible fertilizer use is crucial for plant health and environmental protection in gardens. Soil tests, proper timing, and choosing the right type of fertilizer are key considerations when applying fertilizers.

Conclusion:

Using organic fertilizers is a sustainable way to nurture your garden, benefiting both the environment and plant health. From making compost tea to understanding the pros and cons of organic fertilizers, applying them correctly in your garden can yield excellent results. By following the right practices, you’ll not only enrich your soil but also grow healthier, more vibrant plants.

frequently asked questions about making and using organic fertilizers:

1. What are organic fertilizers, and why are they important for gardening and agriculture?

•             Organic fertilizers are derived from natural sources and provide essential nutrients to plants. They improve soil health, promote sustainability, and reduce the need for synthetic chemicals.

2. What are the primary nutrients found in organic fertilizers, and what do they do for plants?

•             Organic fertilizers typically contain nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). Nitrogen promotes leafy growth, phosphorus supports root development and flowering, while potassium aids overall plant health and disease resistance.

3. How can I make organic fertilizer at home?

•             Homemade organic fertilizers can be created using compost, kitchen scraps, or natural materials like banana peels, eggshells, and coffee grounds. Composting these materials can produce rich, nutrient-rich compost.

4. What is compost, and how is it used as an organic fertilizer?

•             Compost is organic matter that has decomposed into a nutrient-rich soil conditioner. It can be used as a top dressing, mixed into the soil, or as a component of homemade organic fertilizers.

5. How do I make compost at home, and what materials can be composted?

•             To make compost, collect organic materials like fruit and vegetable scraps, yard waste, leaves, and coffee grounds. Create a compost pile or use a compost bin and follow basic guidelines for layering, turning, and maintaining the compost.

6. What are the benefits of using organic fertilizers in gardening?

•             Organic fertilizers improve soil structure, increase microbial activity, and promote plant health and disease resistance. They also reduce the risk of nutrient runoff and pollution.

7. Can I use animal manure as an organic fertilizer, and how should I apply it?

•             Yes, well-rotted animal manure can be an effective organic fertilizer. It should be aged or composted to avoid burning plants. Apply it by spreading it on the soil or incorporating it into the top few inches of soil.

8. Are there any precautions or guidelines for using organic fertilizers?

•             Ensure that organic fertilizers are properly composted or aged to avoid potential pathogens. Use them in accordance with recommended application rates and techniques.